'Under color of law' means that the person doing the act is using power given to him or her by a governmental agency (local, State, or Federal). It is a crime for one or more persons acting under color of law willfully to deprive or conspire to deprive another person of any right protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States. In civil cases, DOJ seeks to correct a law enforcement agency's policies and practices that fostered the misconduct and, where appropriate, may require individual relief for the victim(s). In a criminal case, the evidence must establish proof 'beyond a reasonable doubt,' while in civil cases the proof need only satisfy the lower standard of a 'preponderance of the evidence.' Finally, in criminal cases, DOJ seeks to punish a wrongdoer for past misconduct through imprisonment or other sanction. In a criminal case, DOJ brings a case against the accused person in a civil case, DOJ brings the case (either through litigation or an administrative investigation) against a governmental authority or law enforcement agency. Criminal cases usually are investigated and handled separately from civil cases, even if they concern the same incident. What is the difference between criminal and civil cases?В Criminal and civil laws are different. In addition, more than one office may investigate the same complaint if the allegations raise issues covered by more than one statute. For example, a complaint received by one office may be referred to another if necessary to address the allegations. The various offices within DOJ that are responsible for enforcing the laws discussed in this document coordinate their investigative and enforcement efforts where appropriate. DOJ generally will inform the victim of the results of the investigation, but we do not act as the victim's lawyer and cannot give legal advice as a private attorney could. In DOJ investigations, whether criminal or civil, the person whose rights have been reportedly violated is referred to as a victim and often is an important witness. The laws protect all persons in the United States (citizens and non-citizens).Д®ach law DOJ enforces is briefly discussed below. In addition, several laws also apply to Federal law enforcement officers. These laws cover the actions of State, county, and local officers, including those who work in prisons and jails. This document outlines the laws enforced by the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) that address police misconduct and explains how you can file a complaint with DOJ if you believe that your rights have been violated.ДЇederal laws that address police misconduct include both criminal and civil statutes. Even so, there are incidents in which this is not the case. The vast majority of the law enforcement officers in this country perform their very difficult jobs with respect for their communities and in compliance with the law.

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